USHPROJECT/valentinap.: topic 11. concept guide.

MLK and Civil Disobedience -

Martin Luther King Jr. helped organize and lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955.
Protest lasted 381 days until the Supreme Court took the case and declared the discrimination unconstitutional.
Black people could get on the bus and sit anywhere they wanted.
The method of civil disobedience was used under his non-violent peace and equality movements.

Power of the "Mob" -

When one has lots of supporters, the task always seems easier.
MLK taught his followers to be civilly disobedient to resist violence and prove their point.
The "mob" usually controlled the outcome of the event because it's based on a majority system.

Plessy v. Ferguson : Brown v. Board of Education -

Civil Rights Goals -

1960's civil rights started to become a big issue.
People attempted the push for change.
Was either carried out with nonviolence or "by any means necessary."
Rights of equality in education and society were the main concerns
Little Rock 9, MLK civil disobedience, freedom rides, Malcolm X peace and harmony are all examples.

Eisenhower's Role in Little Rock -

The students of Little Rock, Arkansas were prevented from entering the racially segregated school.
Governor Orval Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Guard to blockade the black students outside of the school.
The students were then faced with more danger than because along with the National Guard, came angry mobs.
President Eisenhower sent federal troops to enforce integration and protect the nine students.
September 24, 1957, the 101st Airborne Division of the US Army overpowered the 10,000 National Guard members, taking it out of the governor's hands.

Rights of the Accused -

Gideon v Wainwright stated that the 6th Amendment requires counsel for defendants who are unable to afford their attorney, taxes will pay for legal representation.
Escobedo v Illinois stated that criminal suspects have the right to counsel during police interrogation
Miranda v Arizona said that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with a counsel prior to interrogation.

Brown v Board of Education -

The decision of the US Supreme Court declared state laws that established separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.

Chavez and United Farm Workers -

Cesar Chavez formed the United Farm Workers.
Helped organize strikes and civil disobedience for migrant workers.
He fought for rights of immigrants in the work field but he did not support the act of immigration.
For him more immigrants meant less money for the ones already there.

FHA & ADA -

The Federal Housing Administration: US government agency that insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying.
Goals of the FHA are to improve housing standards and conditions, provide and adequate home financing system through insurance of mortgage loans and to stabilize the mortgage market.
The Americans with Disabilities Act: enacted by the US Congress in 1990. It is a wide ranging civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.

Purpose of Filibusters -

Filibuster is a technique used to stop the opposing side from speaking.
This tactic was used in the House of Representatives and the Senate to stop the Civil Rights Legislation from being passed.
In it, the speaker usually just talks nonstop about random things and is ironically quite successful.

Sit-ins & Protests -

A sit-in is a form of protest that involves occupying seats or sitting down on the floor of an establishment.
Protesters remain until are evicted by force or arrested.
They have historically been successful as they cause disruption that drew attention to the protesters' cause.
They are non-violent.
Other protestants used civil disobedience, violence, mobs, strikes and fasting.

USHPROJECT/valentinap.